The Timeline (Part Two)
First posted in Sep 2009.
Recoded and moved to this site in Sep 2020.
1821 - 1900 ( Qing Dynasty - 清朝 )
Notes :
In 1877 the Huangs moved
from where their forefathers had settled in
鹿谷 (Log-gog,
which was known as 內寮 (Nei-liao)
in 大坪頂 (Da ping ding),
to 林圯埔街 (Lin-yipu jie),
or what is now 竹山鎮 (the township of Zhu-shan
or Teg-sua).
In 1895 the Qing Empire and Japan signed
Treaty of Ma-guan (馬關條約)
or Shimonoseki Treaty.
It was one of the humiliating
unequal treaties
that Qing was made to sign.
Treaty of Maguan cut Taiwan from China (Qing Empire),
making the island part of the Japanese colony.
In 1896 the Huangs moved back to
Log-gog*,
which was more quiet and safer than the town.
They built the Huang Duan Ben House (黃端本堂) here.
* The name of the place that they settled was changed a few times:
Log-gog
is the Taiwanese pronunciation of the place
that I have heard most often among my relatives
when they mention our ancestors' hometown.
In the old days, the region was called 沙連堡大坪頂內寮
(Shalian-bao Da ping ding Nei-liao)
or 大坪頂 (Da ping ding).
Later, the name 內寮 (Nei-liao)
was changed to 羗仔藔(Qiang-zi liao).
These days it is officially known as 鹿谷鄉
(the township of Lu-gu xiang or Log-gog).
The house is in 彰雅村和興巷
(Heh-shing Lane, Zhang-ya Village. ).
It will be too long to put down why and how
the place or each place in Taiwan was named
and how they were changed in the course of history...
The abbreviations, etc., in the table below:
Please see my explanations in
The Timeline Part One.
Generation 2
Who ↓ Year → | 1821- 1830 |
1831- 1840 |
1841- 1850 |
1851- 1860 |
1861- 1870 |
1871- 1880 |
G2 #1M
泮水公 (守約公)
Pan-shui ghong (Shou-yue ghong) 泮水 (Pan-shui) = Water at (ancient time) School. 守約 (Shou-yue ) = To keep the promise. |
(B. 1769)
1783: Came to Taiwan. D. 1836 <68>. |
Note:
In 1783 G1 and G2 first arrived in in 諸羅縣打貓街 (Da-mao Streetin Zhu-luo Province). 打貓 (Da-mao) literally means beating a cat... Now it is called 民雄 (Min-xiong) and is in 嘉義縣 (Jia-yi Province). G1 and G2 later settled down in Da ping ding (now Log-gog). |
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G2 #1MW
周銀娘 (莊肅媽)
Zhou Yin-niang (Zhuang-su mah) 銀 (Yin) = Silver. 娘(niang) = Girl, woman. mother. 莊肅 (Zhuang-su) = Graceful. |
(B. 1779)
D.1865 <87>
Zhuang-su mah lived the longest and witnessed 4 generations. She had 4 sons and a daughter: 1M 清良公 (Ching-liang ghong), 2M 清猷公 (Ching-yoh ghong), 3M 邦光公 (or 仁哲公 (Bang-guang ghong or Ren-zhe ghong 4M 邦彥公 (or 邽彥公 ?) (Bang-yan ghong, or Gui-yan ghong?), 1F (Name?) later married 張 (Mr. Zhang). |
Generation 3
Who ↓ Year → | 1821- 1830 |
1831- 1840 |
1841- 1850 |
1851- 1860 |
1861- 1870 |
1871- 1880 |
G3 #1M 清良公
Ching-liang ghong |
B? D?
No details. |
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G3 #2M 清猷公
Ching-yoh ghong |
B? D?
No details. |
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G3 #3M 福星公
(邦光公 or 仁哲公) Fu-xing ghong (Bang-guang ghong or Ren-zhe ghong) 福星 (Fu-xing) = Lucky star. 邦光 (Bang-guang) = Nation's light/hope/honor. 仁哲 (Ren-zhe) = Kind and wise. |
(B. 1816 )
D. 1864 <49>
Bang-guang ghong or Ren-zhe ghong was a learned man but was not lucky in the national examinations and could not get a job in the government. He taught the boys Chinese classics at home, which was what most of the learned men did. In those days robbery happened often. He was the one to organize the locals to defend their own community. Once when the alarm went off in the middle of the night he rushed to the next village to ask for more helping hands. In a hurry he didn't take any light with him. He tripped in the dark and hurt his legs. Consequently he was bed-ridden for 3 years and passed away. The above happening was recorded by Ting-gan ghong, who was one of his grandsons. |
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G3 #3MW
陳遠娘 (惠質媽)
Chen Yuan-niang (Hui-zhi mah) 遠 (yuan) = far away 娘(niang) = Girl, woman, mother. 惠質 (Hui-zhi) = Virtuous in nature. |
(B. 1819)
D. 1876 <58>
Hui-zhi mah came from a scholar (upper class) family. Two of her "cousins", (which were more like her "older brothers" as most of the Chinese in those days lived with their paternal side families), 陳希亮 (Chen Xi-liang) and 陳希白 (Chen xi-bai), were learned men who had passed high level Imperial Exams and were entitled "廪生" (Lin-sheng), which was the highest rank of xiu-cai, the only rank that was entitled to receiving monthly subsidy from the government. These men were well-known in Lin yipu jie. Hui-zhi mah had 4 sons and a daughter: 1M 時中公 (Shi-zhong ghong), or 在中公 (Zai-zhong ghong), or 敦厚公 (Dun-hou ghong), 2M 獻公 (Xian ghong) or 可愛公 (Ker-ai ghong), 3M 德元公 (De-yuan ghong), 4M 德新公 (De-xin ghong) or 敦讓公 (Dun-rang ghong), 1F 尾娘 (Wei-niang), who married 陳興松 (Chen Xing-song) |
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G3 #4M 邦彥公 (or 邽彥公 ?)
Bang-yan ghong (or Gui-yan ghong?) In p. 12 of the Book the name was 邦彥 (Bang-yan), but on p. 21 it was 邽彥 (Gui-yan). I am not sure if it was a printing mistake or the ancestor did have two different names with similar characters. Both the letters 邽(gui) and 邦 (bang) mean nation. The name means a person of virtue and fortune. |
B.? D.? No details.
The Book said he was a "例貢生" (li-ghong sheng), which means the one who made contribution (in other words, donated money to the government) and was promoted to be among the scholars that could study at the Imperial Academy. See Wikipedia : 貢生. |
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G3 #F Name?
| B.? D.? Married 張 Zhang. |
Generation 4
Who ↓ Year → | 1831- 1840 |
1841- 1850 |
1851- 1860 |
1861- 1870 |
1871- 1880 |
1881- 1890 |
G4 #1M
時中公
(or 在中公 or 敦厚公 ) Shi-zhong ghong (or Zai-zhong ghong, or Dun-hou ghong) 時中 (shi-zhong), 在中(zai-zhong) = In the middle either of some time or place; 敦厚 (dun-hou) = Honest. |
B. 1839,
D. 1890 <52>
Dun-hou ghong married 貞淑媽 (Zhen-shu mah) and they had two sons. She passed away in 1865 and he married 芳淑媽 (Fang-shu mah). They had four sons and two daughters. In 1877 Dun-hou ghong and family moved from where his forefathers had settled in 大坪頂 (Da ping ding) or what is now 鹿谷鄉 (Lu-gu xiang or Log-gog) to 林圯埔街 (Lin-yipu jie) or what is now 竹山鎮 (Zhu-shan zhen or Teg-sua). The epitaph said Dun-hou ghong could not pass the Imperial exam for the children (童子試) when he was young but he was a kind-hearted, diligent, thrifty person, who treated his parents and siblings with great respect and care. |
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G4 #1MW1
林園 (貞淑媽)
Lin Yuan (Zhen-shu mah) 園 (Yuan) = Garden. 貞淑 (Zhen-shu) = Chaste and modest. |
B.1837,
D. 1865 <29>
Zhen-shu mah had two sons: 1M 進興公 (Jin-xing ghong) 2M 同興公 (Tong-xing ghong) or, better known as 廷翰公 (Ting-han ghong). |
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G4 #1MW2
陳合 (芳淑媽) Chen Her (Fang-shu mah) 合 (Her) = Together. 芳淑 ( Fang-shu ) = Kind lady. |
B. 1846,
D. 1895 <50>
Fang-shu mah had 4 sons and 2 daughters: 3M 錫三公 (or 廷幹公) Xi-san ghong (or Ting-gan ghong) 4M 紹年公 Shao-nian ghong 5M 經倫公 (or 廷琪公) Jing-lun ghong (or Ting-chi ghong) My Great Grandfather. 6M 經壽公 (or 純明公) Jing-shou ghong (or Chun-ming ghong) 1F 閨 Gui (= Maiden) 2F 柔 Rou (= Gentle) |
My Thoughts (1) :
In the past, parents always hoped that their male children
could study hard and pass various levels of the Imperial Exams.
The students had to study the Chinese classics.
At some level when one finally passed the high level exam
and became a 秀才 ("xiu-cai"
– something like a "scholar"),
one brought tremendous wealth and fame
and honor to the parents and the clan.
A xiu-cai had certain social status and privileges.
He was exempt from labor conscription,
no more crawling, kneeling, bowing,
or kowtowing to the authority.
And unlike other ordinary subjects,
he should not be tortured unscrupulously
by the powers that be.
"Privileges"?
I am so glad I was born in the modern time
when these have already been part of our
BASIC HUMAN RIGHT !
Generation 5, 6 (A)
Who ↓ Year → | 1861- 1870 |
1871- 1880 |
1881- 1890 |
1891- |
G5 #1M 進興公
Jin-xing ghong |
B. 1862,
D. 1897 <36>
He was into business. The Book did not say whether he was married or single, but it said he had no children, and his lineage was carried on by his younger brother's first child, 伯熊公 (Bo-xiong ghong), who was the firstborn of the next generation within the family. |
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G5 #2M
同興公
(or 苑華公 or 廷翰公) Tong-xing ghong, (or Wan-hua ghong, or Ting-han ghong) |
B. 1864
→
→
Ting-han ghong practiced Chinese medicine and was a good community leader. At the time when the old reservoir in the village collapsed after heavy rain and floods, he was the one who organized the villagers to help rebuilding it. Later, the villagers in Qiang-zi liao rmade him their leader. He was a humble man who cared a lot for his family and siblings. |
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Like his father,
Dun-hou ghong,
Ting-han ghong was
unable to pass the Imperial Exam for children.
It was also the time of political instability.
In 1896, as the oldest member and leader of the Huangs, Ting-han ghong had to move the entire family from the increasingly chaotic and unsafe township of Lin yipu back to Da ping ding, or Qiang-zi liao, which was the more quiet and safer place in the mountain where their forefathers had lived. The move was a sudden decision and it was very difficult especially for the women and the children. The Book mentioned that they were forever thankful to their relatives in Qiang-zi liao, who came and assisted them with the move so that everyone could arrived safe and sound. In the beginning they stayed with these relatives. Later, they built their own house and named it "黃端本堂" (the House of Huang Duan-ben). Duan-ben means "righteousness". There were certain traditional ways of naming a family house. * Remarks added in Sep 2020: The link above was outdated. This one below is about the family names and house names in Taiwan: 台灣的姓氏與堂號源流. (The article is in Chinese.) |
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G5 #2MW1 許 Xu (tsua?) | B.? D.? | |||
Note:
The Book mentioned more than once that
she had no children.
There were no other details.
Obviously being unable to bear a son was a terrible thing for the women in those days. In 2009 when I first wrote this, I could not find the letter in my dictionaries! The letter was a screenshot of a drawing that I made from imitating what was printed in the Book. It was the only way for me to get the letter displayed here! * REMARKS added in Sep 2020: The article at this page : 「𤆬」這個字與「楊𤆬治」這個人" says appears often in Min-nan yu, a Southern Chinese dialect and the major spoken language in Taiwan. The meaning is to take care of or to take (someone) to (some place). |
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G5 #2MW2 林純
Lin Chun 純 (Chun) = Pure. |
B. 1880
→
Chun mah had 3 sons and a daughter. All of them were born after the family moved back to Loggog They lived in the Huang Duan-Ben House. The oldest of Generation 6 was 伯熊公 (Bo-xiong ghong). |
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G6 #1M 伯熊公
Bo-xiong ghong 熊 (Xiong) = A bear. |
Names in ancient times had words
that showed the seniority among male siblings.
These were (from the oldest):
伯
(Bo),
仲 (Zhong),
叔 (Shu),
季 (Ji).
|
B. 1899 → | ||
G6 #1MW 林敏
Lin Min |
B. 1898 → |
Generation 5, 6 (B)
Who ↓ Year → | 1861- 1870 |
1871- 1880 |
1881- 1890 |
1891- |
G5 #3M
錫三公
(廷幹公)
Xi-san ghong (Ting-gan ghong) |
B. 1868,
→ →
廷幹公 or 錫三公 (Ting-gan ghong or Xi-san ghong) was my Great Grand's oldest blood brother. |
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Notes :
In the Book it mentioned he had been an "邑庠生"
(Yi-xiang sheng),
which means "a student at a (traditional ) school in town". See 何謂庠生、廩生、太學生、貢生、貢士、舉人 (* link updated in Sep 2020). This explained why he was known later as a scholar. Ting-gan ghong contributed a lot in preserving the Chinese literary heritage during the time that Taiwan was cut off from China after the Ma-guan treaty. I found a historical research document that mentioned him. (陳哲三 : "清代南投縣人物及其相關問題 - 逢甲大學人文社會學院" "原調查的魏林科、黃錫三的活動主要. 在日治時期,將兩人自清代刪去) The document listed important persons in Nan- tou province in central Taiwan during Qing Dynasty. Although the paper excluded him from the research because "his main activities had taken place during the Japanese Occupation" (my translation), which was, strictly speaking, not within the Qing Empire, it nevertheless showed how influential he must have been during his time. |
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G5 #3MW1 劉采苢 (懿順媽)
Liu Tsai-yi (Yi-shun mah) |
B. 1868,
D. 1895 <28> |
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采苢 (Tsai-yi)
= Originally a word from 詩經 (Shi-jing),
or Book of Odes, an ancient poetry collection.
懿 (Yi) = Beautiful, kind. 順 (Shun) = Filial. REMARKS : Among the mostly "artless" names of the females given by their parents in the old days, this one, "采苢" (Tsai-yi), with the origin from an ancient Book of Odes captured my attention. The two letters literally mean picking a kind of herb, but in the early days in the Chinese history when poems were to be sung, the poetic sentiment of a poem could be more significant than its semantic meaning. This was especially obvious in the poem "芣苢" (Fu-yi). The entire poem was a repetition: 采采芣苢,薄言采之,采采芣苢,薄言有之。 采采芣苢,薄言掇之,采采芣苢,薄言捋之。 采采芣苢,薄言袺之,采采芣苢,薄言襭之。 We gather and gather the plantains ; Now we may gather them. We gather and gather the plantains; Now we have got them. We gather and gather the plantains; Now we pluck the ears. We gather and gather the plantains; Now we rub out the seeds. We gather and gather the plantains; Now we place the seeds in our skirts. We gather and gather the plantains; Now we tuck out skirts under our girdles. See 詩經/芣苢. Detailed explanation (in Chinese). English translation HERE (* Scroll to Poem No. 8). My guess was: whoever named the baby with this name must have been familiar with the classic literature. And I was right : she was the oldest daughter of a scholar and teacher, 劉士芳 (Liu Shih-fang), who taught Xi-san ghong and appreciated his talent. Tsai-yi was smart since little and was somewhat literate, which was very special for women in those days. At 20 (if counting age the Chinese way), Tsai-yi was married to Xi-san ghong. The couple could have had a good and long marriage. Unfortunately, 8 years later, Qing gave up Taiwan. The political and social turmoil could be felt in towns. It was so chaotic that the Huangs decided to move the whole family from 林圯埔街 (Lin Yipu jie), or what is now 竹山鎮 (the township of Teg-sua or Zhu- shan ), back to 鹿谷 (Loggog or Lugu) in the mountain. In those days it was not easy to house-move. I am not sure if the women of "good" families still kept the Manchurian tradition of binding their feet at a young age. If yes, it could have been a major hassle for any non-working class women, including Tsai-yi to travel far. Even if she had not had small feet, there could have been other reasons that made her die young: she was heavily pregnant when her mother-in-law, 芳淑媽 (Fang-shu mah) passed away. The family was yet to recover from mourning. According to the Book, Tsai-yi mah or Yi-shun mah had a baby girl and died. The unfortunate baby, without its mother, also died soon. The time was November, 1895. It could have either been the exhaustion after the funeral, the child-birth, or the hardship of the house-move, or the combination of all the three that had killed Yi-shun mah. |
My Afterthoughts :
Please allow me to ramble and rant for a little while... Thanks!
To this day, relatives on my mother's side still mention
that we had a xiu-cai ancestor.
Obviously it was something we should be very proud of
- although I had not really known which ancestor this was
until I took up this Family History Book and had a serious study of it.
This xiu-cai could not have been others
but Xi-san ghong.
I say, we could have been more proud
if there had been no Ma-guan treaty
that gave our ancestors and their land
to the Japanese Empire.
With the treaty, everyone on the island immediately became nothing
but a "pawn" for the Japanese authority to exploit.
Needless to say, there were no more Imperial Exams.
It must have been hard for the males in those days
as they had been expected to study hard
so that they could pass the Imperial Exams,
so that they could eventually bring wealth
and better status to their families, especially their parents.
I wonder how they coped with the loss of their purpose or mission in life.
What was the use of studying those archaic texts if there were no way out.
To make the matters worse, they had to take up a new language
that they and their forefathers had regarded as inferior to their own.
It must have been difficult for Xi-san ghong.
He was in his early thirties when he realized that all his efforts came to nil.
His being a xiu-cai could not get him to a better status.
No allowances of any kind from the Qing government.
The country had abandoned every subject on the island including him.
From the Timeline we could see that he also lost his beloved ones in the family:
his mother, wife, and his first child.
But this was not the end.
On the contrary, for Xi-san ghong it was just another beginning.
After the house-move he set up a private school to teach the children.
The purpose was to preserve the cultural heritage,
to let the children understand the superiority of the traditional Chinese culture.
The study was not for passing the exams anymore.
This is getting too long... I might write about the women in another page
Notes :
Chapter One was the origin of the Huangs starting from the ancient time.
But we could not see how those were passed down to the First Generation
that came to Taiwan so I am not including it in this page.
Chapter Two (see scanned pages below)
was about the generations in Taiwan.
It mentioned in great details the locations and the directions of the tombs
and what happened (if any) after the initial burial.
Unfortunately I could not understand much at the moment
so I mentioned nothing about these in the tables above.
Chapter Three will be included in my next part.
Chapter Four has family charts
and the pages could be seen in my previous page:
Mom's Ancestors
To be continued in the next table :
•
Other children born to Generation 3,
仁哲公 (Ren-zhe ghong)
and 惠質媽 (Hui-zhi mah).
•
Other children born to Generation 4,
敦厚公 (Dun-hou ghong)
and his second wife,
芳淑媽 (Fang-shu mah).
My Great grandfather 廷琪公
(Ting-qi ghong) was among them.
•
Generation 5, including my Grandfather,
伯虎公 (Bo-hu ghong).
All of this generation were born after the house-move in 1896.
•
We all knew that Grandfather was adopted.
This is not a secret.
•
However, there is a big secret that is still a secret till this day
and might remain unknown eternally:
–
The Huangs requested the biological parents of my grandfather
never to reveal the truth of where he was from.
–
They were ordered never to come close
or speak to anyone from the Huangs FOREVER.
–
This above was not from the Book but was told by my mom,
who is daughter number 5 of my Grandfather.
–
We only knew that Grandfather was brought to the family
right after he was born... before he had his first baby wash!
–
His biological mother and her family must have had
some great difficulty that made them give up a baby that way....!!!
Comments from my MTP
(journal item no. 344)